Female Sexual Dysfunction (FSD) is a complex condition that can affect various aspects of a woman's sexual response cycle. Causes are often multifactorial, including physical, psychological, and social factors. Physical causes may include hormonal imbalances, chronic health conditions, medications, and age-related changes. Psychological factors can involve stress, anxiety, depression, past trauma, or relationship issues. Social and cultural influences also play a role. Symptoms of FSD are typically categorized into four main types: desire disorders (low libido), arousal disorders (difficulty becoming physically aroused), orgasmic disorders (difficulty achieving orgasm), and pain disorders (pain during intercourse). Women may experience one or more of these issues, which can significantly impact their quality of life and relationships. Symptoms must cause personal distress to be diagnosed as dysfunction.

Diagnosing Female Sexual Dysfunction involves a comprehensive approach, often requiring collaboration between healthcare providers. The process typically begins with a detailed medical and sexual history, including information about relationships, lifestyle, and any contributing factors. A physical examination is usually performed to check for any physical causes of dysfunction. This may include a pelvic exam and, in some cases, blood tests to check hormone levels or other relevant factors. Psychological evaluation may be necessary to assess for conditions like depression or anxiety. Specialized questionnaires or assessment tools, such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), may be used to evaluate the nature and severity of sexual concerns. In some cases, additional tests like vaginal pH testing, vulvoscopy, or imaging studies may be recommended to rule out specific physical causes.