Over-the-counter pain relievers like phenazopyridine or ibuprofen are often recommended to ease symptoms like burning, discomfort, and abdominal pain. Phenazopyridine specifically targets urinary tract discomfort, providing temporary relief while the antibiotics address the infection. However, pain relievers don’t treat the infection itself.

Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria from the urinary tract by promoting frequent urination. Staying hydrated dilutes urine, reducing irritation and discomfort during urination. Adding cranberry juice (unsweetened) to your diet may also help prevent bacterial adhesion to the urinary tract lining, although it’s not a standalone cure.

Cranberry juice or supplements are often recommended as a preventive measure for recurrent UTIs. They contain compounds that may prevent bacteria, particularly E. coli, from adhering to the urinary tract walls. While scientific evidence is mixed, some studies suggest cranberry products can be beneficial, especially for women prone to UTIs.

Probiotics, especially those containing Lactobacillus species, help restore the natural balance of good bacteria in the gut and urinary tract. They may reduce the risk of recurrent UTIs by maintaining a healthy microbiome and preventing the overgrowth of harmful bacteria. Probiotics are available in foods like yogurt or as supplements.

For postmenopausal women, low estrogen levels can increase susceptibility to UTIs. Topical estrogen creams or vaginal rings may help restore the natural defense mechanisms of the vaginal and urinary tract lining. This therapy is often prescribed under medical supervision to prevent recurring UTIs.

For individuals with frequent UTIs, low-dose antibiotics taken for an extended period may be prescribed. This approach, known as antibiotic prophylaxis, aims to prevent infections before they start. The type and dosage of antibiotics are carefully selected to minimize side effects and antibiotic resistance.

Proper catheter care is crucial for preventing UTIs in individuals who use them. This includes maintaining strict hygiene, changing catheters regularly, and ensuring proper insertion techniques. Healthcare providers may also consider intermittent catheterization or alternative catheter types to reduce infection risk.

In rare cases where structural abnormalities contribute to recurrent UTIs, surgery may be necessary. This could involve correcting issues like urinary reflux or removing blockages in the urinary tract. Surgical interventions are typically considered only after other treatments have failed to resolve recurrent infections.