Endometriosis is a condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, often on ovaries, fallopian tubes, and surrounding pelvic organs. This can lead to painful symptoms including:

Chronic pelvic pain: Especially during menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
Painful intercourse: Discomfort during or after sex
Menstrual irregularities: Heavy or irregular periods
Infertility: Difficulty conceiving
Other symptoms: Fatigue, bowel and bladder issues, such as pain during urination or bowel movements, particularly during menstruation

Causes aren’t fully understood but may involve genetics, immune system disorders, or hormonal factors that promote growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus.

Procedures & Interventions

Laparoscopic Surgery (Minimally Invasive Surgery)

Laparoscopy is the most common surgical treatment for endometriosis. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and a thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) is inserted to view and remove endometrial implants, cysts, or adhesions. This minimally invasive approach offers faster recovery and minimal scarring, making it a preferred option for both diagnosis and treatment.

Hysterectomy (Removal of the Uterus)

In severe cases of endometriosis, where other treatments fail, a hysterectomy may be recommended. This involves the surgical removal of the uterus and sometimes the ovaries and fallopian tubes. While this is considered a last resort, it can effectively eliminate symptoms but also ends fertility, so it’s primarily recommended for women who do not plan to have children.

Excision Surgery

Unlike ablation, excision surgery involves cutting out endometrial implants and lesions entirely. This method is highly precise and often considered the gold standard for treating deep or widespread endometriosis. It reduces the chances of recurrence and helps improve fertility outcomes for those trying to conceive.

Oophorectomy (Removal of Ovaries)

In some cases, removing the ovaries can be effective in reducing estrogen levels, which fuel endometriosis growth. This surgery is often combined with a hysterectomy and is reserved for severe cases where other treatments have been unsuccessful. However, it can induce early menopause and is generally not the first line of treatment.

Laparotomy (Open Surgery)

Laparotomy is a more invasive surgical procedure used when endometriosis is widespread or involves deeply embedded lesions. Unlike laparoscopy, this method requires a larger abdominal incision and has a longer recovery time. It is typically reserved for complex cases where minimally invasive techniques are not feasible.

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