Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are quite common, affecting up to 70% of women by the age of 50. The exact cause of fibroids remains unclear, but several factors may contribute to their development, including hormonal imbalances (particularly estrogen and progesterone), genetic predispositions, and environmental influences. Fibroids can vary in size and number, and while many women may not experience symptoms, others may suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, pelvic pain, frequent urination, and backache. These symptoms can significantly impact daily life and overall well-being.

Diagnosis of uterine fibroids typically involves a combination of a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Ultrasound is commonly used to visualize the fibroids, but MRI may be employed for more detailed imaging. In some cases, hysteroscopy or laparoscopy may be used for direct visualization. Treatment options vary depending on the size, location, and symptoms of the fibroids, as well as the patient's overall health and reproductive goals. Management strategies may include medication to regulate hormones and alleviate symptoms, non-invasive procedures like uterine artery embolization, or surgical options such as myomectomy or hysterectomy. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan based on individual needs.