Uterine prolapse occurs when the uterus descends from its normal position into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic support tissues. This condition is often caused by factors such as childbirth, particularly multiple or difficult deliveries, which can stretch and damage the pelvic muscles and ligaments. Other contributing factors include aging, hormonal changes during menopause, obesity, chronic coughing, and heavy lifting. Women with a family history of prolapse or connective tissue disorders may also be at higher risk. Symptoms of uterine prolapse can vary but commonly include a feeling of pelvic heaviness or pressure, vaginal bulging, discomfort during sexual intercourse, and urinary or bowel symptoms such as incontinence or difficulty emptying the bladder or bowel.

Diagnosing uterine prolapse typically involves a comprehensive pelvic examination where a healthcare provider assesses the degree of prolapse and any associated symptoms. In some cases, additional imaging or tests may be required to evaluate the extent of the prolapse and the overall condition of the pelvic organs. Treatment options for uterine prolapse depend on the severity of the condition and the patient's overall health. Conservative approaches may include pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) to strengthen the muscles supporting the uterus, lifestyle modifications, and the use of a pessary—a device inserted into the vagina to support the uterus. For more severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair the pelvic support structures and restore the uterus to its proper position. The choice of treatment is tailored to each individual's needs and preferences, aiming to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life.