Hernias occur when an internal organ or tissue bulges through a weak spot in the abdominal wall or surrounding muscle. Common causes include heavy lifting, chronic coughing, obesity, and straining during bowel movements. Additionally, congenital factors can contribute to the development of hernias. Symptoms often include noticeable lumps or bulges in the abdomen or groin area, accompanied by pain or discomfort, especially when bending over or lifting heavy objects. In some cases, hernias may present with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or a feeling of heaviness in the affected area.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosing a hernia typically involves a physical examination where a doctor checks for lumps or bulges in the abdominal or groin area. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI may be used to assess the hernia's size and exact location. Once diagnosed, hernias are generally treated through surgical repair, which can be performed using open surgery or minimally invasive laparoscopic techniques. The choice of procedure depends on the hernia's type and severity. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications and improve recovery outcomes.